Legislation:
The UK government has always recognised the importance of tourism to the economy and has introduced new policies and laws over the years.
Development of Tourism Act 1969:
Its aim was to co-ordinate all the organisations that make up the tourism sector and provide it with a single voice. The Development of Tourism is an Act to provide for the establishment of a British Tourist Authority and Tourist Boards for England, Scotland and Wales with responsibility for promoting the development of tourism to and within Great Britain. It also provides for the giving of financial assistance out of public funds for the provision of new hotels and other establishments at which sleeping accommodation is provided by the way of trade or business. The British Tourist Authority and the English Tourism Council have now been merged to form Visit Britain. The Development of Tourism's acts aim was to co-ordinate all the organisations that make up the tourism sector.
Air Passenger Duty (APD) 1996:
Air Passenger Duty (APD) is a tax imposed by the UK government on all passengers flying out of the UK. In 1996, air passenger duty was reduced on economy flights, removing a barrier to the growth of inbound tourism. However, in 2006 it was greatly increased.
Package Travel, Package Holidays and Package Tours Regulations 1992:
Since 1992 all UK tour operators offering package holidays have been subject to the Package Travel, Holidays and Tour Regulations. The regulations were put into place to ensure that there was no improper conduct by Tour Operators. These regulations set out the tour operators responsibilities to their customers and what those customers can do if the regulations are breached. All the regulations should have the correct information displayed in the brochure appropriately. As a result of the EC Directive, since 1992 all UK tour operators offering package holidays have been subject to the Package Travel Regulations
Disability Discrimination Act (DDA):
The Disability Discrimination Act (DDA) 1995 aims to end the discrimination that faces many people with disabilities. The legislation requires public bodies to promote equality of opportunity for people with disabilities. It also allows the government to set minimum standards so that people with disabilities can use public transport easily.
Product Development:
Holiday Camps:
Between 1945 and 1960, holiday camps were at their peak, catering for about 60 per cent of the holiday market. Butlins and Warners were the most important names in the market. The holiday camp went into decline in the 1970's as there was a huge demand for sunshine and package holidays abroad increased. Because of this there are holiday parks such as Centre Parks. Its first village opened in 1987 at Sherwood Forest. These Centre Parks offer short breaks, with mid-week, weekend or a longer stay for a certain period of time all year round. There has been a growth in short breaks to British cities and activity holidays in countryside areas of the UK.
Package Holidays 1949:
An example of a Travel and Tourism product would be a package holiday. Package holidays are all inclusive and include transport and food. The first package holiday was in 1949 and was organised by Vladmir Raitz. He took 32 passengers to Corsica and charged them £32.50. The package included accommodation in tents, transfers and return flights. In the 1960's package holidays started to develop with some of them being sold and advertised by tour operators, offering many people a chance to travel abroad. As package holidays started to grow in popularity they developed further and more package holidays became available to countries around the world. The major growth came in the 1970s, as people became more prosperous and keen to see new places. Most of the package holidays were to Spain and its islands, where hotels were built rapidly to fulfill the demand from British and German tourists. Currency restrictions were lifted which allowed tourists to take more spending money.
Destination Development 1966:
Destinations have developed thoroughly since the 1960's through promotion and popularity. E.g.Majorca. The development is that destinations have become more well known in this present day and age. Years and years ago destinations weren't even known some and were never visited, though now are visited and have become a popular destination.
The growth of destination development has had an effect on the industry by changing tourism, and destinations forever. With the growth of popularity in certain destinations, visitor numbers increase dramatically bringing in a huge profit due to the amount of people spending their money.
Destinations development has shaped travel and tourism sector by changing the awareness of certain destinations. Destinations development is vital in the travel and tourism industry would lose a serious amount of money, destinations need to develop to meet increasing tourist numbers and the demand of new facilities.
Technological Development 1990:
Technological is the development of anything technological that has or can be used within the travel and tourism industry. Since the inventing of the internet, technology has developed dramatically because of the way we now use the internet to book online also developing tourism with how simple it now is to book through the internet the travel abroad. There are also Tablets and Ipads that are commonly used and are easier to book online. Since the 1960’s technology has developed hugely with new products such as check in systems(computers) at airports that are easier products for customers to use making their whole experience easier, forever profiting the travel and tourism sector.
Some of the most notable recent technological developments include:
- The Internet - has revolutionised the way people buy travel products.
- Call Centres - how used extensively by major holiday companies and airlines.
- Digital and Cable TV - new outlets for selling travel products.
- Self Check in 2005 - saves costs for travel companies and increase convenience for travellers. When this system was introduced, passengers could save time by checking in their luggage themselves. Also passengers could choose where they wanted to be seated on the plane and print their own boarding passes out.
Technology has shaped the present travel and tourism industry because of the new technology developments over the past 50 years that have made travelling and the overall experience better for citizens. With new systems involving computers and the internet different ways of booking holidays checking in at airports and payments, holidays have become a much simpler and quicker product to buy and enjoy.
Transport Development:
Transport for Travel and Tourism is constantly changing to meet customer demands for safer, more faster, more comfortable and affordable travel. Transport systems provide jobs and allow the delivery of materials needed to build cities and towns. Transport also serves the needs of the needs of the people who live in those towns-providing means to deliver food and carrying citizens to and from their destinations.
Air Travel:
Air travel was not a common form of transport in the early 1950's. Aircraft were not powered by propellers and their cabins were not pressurised. As a result of this, plane trips were noisy and aircraft could not fly at very high altitudes. Aeroplane trips were also long, with frequent stops for a long period of time and refuel. In the late 1950's, Qantas purchased a new Boeing jet powered aircraft that could fly faster and carry more passengers. By the 1960's propeller driven aircraft became dominant. International and domestic air travel became cheaper.
Rail Travel:
During the 1950's, most people took long distance journeys by steam train. However in the 1960's diesel trains began running. These trains were much faster and cleaner and could carry much more greater loads.
Road Travel:
Since the 1960's buses have take over much of the role of trams. Cars and buses have began to run well and have been developed majorly making transport a lot easier but also hard for many people. With there being so many cars and busses on the road, traffic often builds up in many places causing problems for most travellers.
Lifestyle Changes:
A lifestyle change would be a change in disposable income. If someone has a high income, they are known to have more money to go on a yearly holiday as people with low income are more likely to not be bale to afford the essentials as well as a yearly holiday, affecting the travel and tourism industry because if a higher percentage of people have a low income, not many will spend it on holidays, and will therefore not make any profit.
British lifestyles have changed immensely in the last 50 years. We now have a wide range of time-saving household goods such as dishwashers, washing machines, microwave ovens and DIY goods. Most people enjoy a comfortable living with a reasonable income and leisure time to enjoy holidays, short breaks and day trips. The UK has seen an increase in part time and contract working, while technological developments such as laptops and mobile phones have allowed people to work from home much more. Age is also a lifestyle change because as the travel and tourism industry has developed, it has had to change its products and services to fit within different age groups. These include general ageing of the population with people who live longer, more lone parent households, fewer couples choosing to marry and higher divorce rates. Holiday planners have created a package holiday to part islands like Spain which is directed at 18-30 year old. Also holiday planners have had to adapt to younger children joining their parents on holidays meaning they have had to include more activities for the younger children. All of these factors have an impact on the travel and tourism sector and the products made available to travellers.
Working Pattern:
Over the recent years, flexible working patterns have been growing. Some reports have been said from the government that flexibility in the work place is desirable and might become the focus of greater official attention. This enable employees to alter their pattern of working arrangements and take more time off to go on a short break with family and friends.
Effect of Tourism on the economy GDP:
Around 4.7 million new jobs were created worldwide as a result of Travel & Tourism activity last year, meaning that the sector now supports nearly 266 million people in employment. 2014 looks equally positive. Travel & Tourism GDP is set to grow by 4.3%. Much of this growth is being driven by high consumer spending as the recovery from the global recession gains momentum. They also expect some 6.5 million new jobs to be generated by their sector.
The UK government has always recognised the importance of tourism to the economy and has introduced new policies and laws over the years.
Development of Tourism Act 1969:
Its aim was to co-ordinate all the organisations that make up the tourism sector and provide it with a single voice. The Development of Tourism is an Act to provide for the establishment of a British Tourist Authority and Tourist Boards for England, Scotland and Wales with responsibility for promoting the development of tourism to and within Great Britain. It also provides for the giving of financial assistance out of public funds for the provision of new hotels and other establishments at which sleeping accommodation is provided by the way of trade or business. The British Tourist Authority and the English Tourism Council have now been merged to form Visit Britain. The Development of Tourism's acts aim was to co-ordinate all the organisations that make up the tourism sector.
Air Passenger Duty (APD) 1996:
Air Passenger Duty (APD) is a tax imposed by the UK government on all passengers flying out of the UK. In 1996, air passenger duty was reduced on economy flights, removing a barrier to the growth of inbound tourism. However, in 2006 it was greatly increased.
Package Travel, Package Holidays and Package Tours Regulations 1992:
Since 1992 all UK tour operators offering package holidays have been subject to the Package Travel, Holidays and Tour Regulations. The regulations were put into place to ensure that there was no improper conduct by Tour Operators. These regulations set out the tour operators responsibilities to their customers and what those customers can do if the regulations are breached. All the regulations should have the correct information displayed in the brochure appropriately. As a result of the EC Directive, since 1992 all UK tour operators offering package holidays have been subject to the Package Travel Regulations
Disability Discrimination Act (DDA):
The Disability Discrimination Act (DDA) 1995 aims to end the discrimination that faces many people with disabilities. The legislation requires public bodies to promote equality of opportunity for people with disabilities. It also allows the government to set minimum standards so that people with disabilities can use public transport easily.
Product Development:
Holiday Camps:
Between 1945 and 1960, holiday camps were at their peak, catering for about 60 per cent of the holiday market. Butlins and Warners were the most important names in the market. The holiday camp went into decline in the 1970's as there was a huge demand for sunshine and package holidays abroad increased. Because of this there are holiday parks such as Centre Parks. Its first village opened in 1987 at Sherwood Forest. These Centre Parks offer short breaks, with mid-week, weekend or a longer stay for a certain period of time all year round. There has been a growth in short breaks to British cities and activity holidays in countryside areas of the UK.
Package Holidays 1949:
An example of a Travel and Tourism product would be a package holiday. Package holidays are all inclusive and include transport and food. The first package holiday was in 1949 and was organised by Vladmir Raitz. He took 32 passengers to Corsica and charged them £32.50. The package included accommodation in tents, transfers and return flights. In the 1960's package holidays started to develop with some of them being sold and advertised by tour operators, offering many people a chance to travel abroad. As package holidays started to grow in popularity they developed further and more package holidays became available to countries around the world. The major growth came in the 1970s, as people became more prosperous and keen to see new places. Most of the package holidays were to Spain and its islands, where hotels were built rapidly to fulfill the demand from British and German tourists. Currency restrictions were lifted which allowed tourists to take more spending money.
Destination Development 1966:
Destinations have developed thoroughly since the 1960's through promotion and popularity. E.g.Majorca. The development is that destinations have become more well known in this present day and age. Years and years ago destinations weren't even known some and were never visited, though now are visited and have become a popular destination.
The growth of destination development has had an effect on the industry by changing tourism, and destinations forever. With the growth of popularity in certain destinations, visitor numbers increase dramatically bringing in a huge profit due to the amount of people spending their money.
Destinations development has shaped travel and tourism sector by changing the awareness of certain destinations. Destinations development is vital in the travel and tourism industry would lose a serious amount of money, destinations need to develop to meet increasing tourist numbers and the demand of new facilities.
Technological Development 1990:
Technological is the development of anything technological that has or can be used within the travel and tourism industry. Since the inventing of the internet, technology has developed dramatically because of the way we now use the internet to book online also developing tourism with how simple it now is to book through the internet the travel abroad. There are also Tablets and Ipads that are commonly used and are easier to book online. Since the 1960’s technology has developed hugely with new products such as check in systems(computers) at airports that are easier products for customers to use making their whole experience easier, forever profiting the travel and tourism sector.
Some of the most notable recent technological developments include:
- The Internet - has revolutionised the way people buy travel products.
- Call Centres - how used extensively by major holiday companies and airlines.
- Digital and Cable TV - new outlets for selling travel products.
- Self Check in 2005 - saves costs for travel companies and increase convenience for travellers. When this system was introduced, passengers could save time by checking in their luggage themselves. Also passengers could choose where they wanted to be seated on the plane and print their own boarding passes out.
Technology has shaped the present travel and tourism industry because of the new technology developments over the past 50 years that have made travelling and the overall experience better for citizens. With new systems involving computers and the internet different ways of booking holidays checking in at airports and payments, holidays have become a much simpler and quicker product to buy and enjoy.
Transport Development:
Transport for Travel and Tourism is constantly changing to meet customer demands for safer, more faster, more comfortable and affordable travel. Transport systems provide jobs and allow the delivery of materials needed to build cities and towns. Transport also serves the needs of the needs of the people who live in those towns-providing means to deliver food and carrying citizens to and from their destinations.
Air Travel:
Air travel was not a common form of transport in the early 1950's. Aircraft were not powered by propellers and their cabins were not pressurised. As a result of this, plane trips were noisy and aircraft could not fly at very high altitudes. Aeroplane trips were also long, with frequent stops for a long period of time and refuel. In the late 1950's, Qantas purchased a new Boeing jet powered aircraft that could fly faster and carry more passengers. By the 1960's propeller driven aircraft became dominant. International and domestic air travel became cheaper.
Rail Travel:
During the 1950's, most people took long distance journeys by steam train. However in the 1960's diesel trains began running. These trains were much faster and cleaner and could carry much more greater loads.
Road Travel:
Since the 1960's buses have take over much of the role of trams. Cars and buses have began to run well and have been developed majorly making transport a lot easier but also hard for many people. With there being so many cars and busses on the road, traffic often builds up in many places causing problems for most travellers.
Lifestyle Changes:
A lifestyle change would be a change in disposable income. If someone has a high income, they are known to have more money to go on a yearly holiday as people with low income are more likely to not be bale to afford the essentials as well as a yearly holiday, affecting the travel and tourism industry because if a higher percentage of people have a low income, not many will spend it on holidays, and will therefore not make any profit.
British lifestyles have changed immensely in the last 50 years. We now have a wide range of time-saving household goods such as dishwashers, washing machines, microwave ovens and DIY goods. Most people enjoy a comfortable living with a reasonable income and leisure time to enjoy holidays, short breaks and day trips. The UK has seen an increase in part time and contract working, while technological developments such as laptops and mobile phones have allowed people to work from home much more. Age is also a lifestyle change because as the travel and tourism industry has developed, it has had to change its products and services to fit within different age groups. These include general ageing of the population with people who live longer, more lone parent households, fewer couples choosing to marry and higher divorce rates. Holiday planners have created a package holiday to part islands like Spain which is directed at 18-30 year old. Also holiday planners have had to adapt to younger children joining their parents on holidays meaning they have had to include more activities for the younger children. All of these factors have an impact on the travel and tourism sector and the products made available to travellers.
Working Pattern:
Over the recent years, flexible working patterns have been growing. Some reports have been said from the government that flexibility in the work place is desirable and might become the focus of greater official attention. This enable employees to alter their pattern of working arrangements and take more time off to go on a short break with family and friends.
Effect of Tourism on the economy GDP:
Around 4.7 million new jobs were created worldwide as a result of Travel & Tourism activity last year, meaning that the sector now supports nearly 266 million people in employment. 2014 looks equally positive. Travel & Tourism GDP is set to grow by 4.3%. Much of this growth is being driven by high consumer spending as the recovery from the global recession gains momentum. They also expect some 6.5 million new jobs to be generated by their sector.